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AN ANALYSIS OF STUDIES RELATED TO NEW ASPECTS OF QUINONE CHEMISTRY

ABSTRACT

The current invention involves the synthesis of naphthoquinone derivatives and many of their geometric/structural isomers by a unique approach utilising 2,3-dichloronaphthoquinone, followed by characterisation. To improve yield and purity, a number of parameters have been changed in the new technique. Since acetonitrile, a costly and increasingly scarce solvent, is consumed in significant quantities during the aforementioned process, research has been done on its recovery and reuse from mother liquors. The recovery and repurposing of silver salt by converting it to silver nitrate was also covered in the study because silver nitrate is an expensive material that significantly affects overall costs. Since we have learnt for the first time the properties of silver salt, its conversion to silver nitrate, and its subsequent reutilization in the reaction, the result of silver from the aforementioned reaction is not yet documented in the literature. By replacing weak hydrochloric acid with acetic acid during the separation of Atovaquone (8) from the reaction mass, polar contaminants were removed, improving purity. Through the use of a solvent combination, the current study sought to produce Atovaquone form I with a minimum purity of 99%. According to the literature, a significant amount of acetonitrile is used in the recrystallisation of atovaquone to obtain form I. There is a lack of commercial viability and a production bottleneck due to the extensive use of solvents. Unexpectedly, we have found that form I can be produced by a very small number of solvent combinations, and this could significantly increase the reactor’s output. The recently synthesised compounds were tested for their anticancer and antimalarial qualities. A number of chemicals have shown a great deal of activity. By synthesising naphthoquinone derivatives from 2,3-dihalo naphthoquinone compounds, the current method partially or completely addresses all objectives. These derivatives can then be used to create 2-cyclohexyl-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives, such as Atovaquone, Parvaquone, and tert-butyl Atovaquone. The aforementioned products can now be produced using an economically feasible, environmentally responsible, and industrially viable method.

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