A REVIEW OF MULTIHOP HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

ABSTRACT

Wireless sensor network (WSN) refers to a group of spatially dispersed and dedicated sensors for monitoring and recording the physical conditions of the environment and organizing the collected data at a central location. WSNs measure environmental conditions like temperature, sound, pollution levels, humidity, wind, and so on. These are similar to wireless ad hoc networks in the sense that they rely on wireless connectivity and spontaneous formation of networks so that sensor data can be transported wirelessly. WSNs are spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. The more modern networks are bi-directional, also enabling control of sensor activity. The development of wireless sensor networks was motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance; today such networks are used in many industrial and consumer applications, such as industrial process monitoring and control, machine health monitoring, and so on. Wireless sensor systems are an association wireless system framework achieved by a quantity of energy constrained micro-sensors under the standard of industrial application (IA). These days, WSN is generally utilized as a capable medium to integrate physical world. Inside the sensor network, each sensor node is router, processing capacity, storage ability, with correspondence capacity with confined. Hence, the configuration of system topology, algorithm for routing and protocol is that the most fundamental and key work in the investigation of substantial scale WSN system. As of late, in order to adjust the energy utilization and keep up scope and network, numerous systems are connected to topology of Wireless sensor network. The greatest challenges in WSN are to route the data packets and save the energy in an optimal way. With the major advances in technology, sensors have gained more power with a smaller size and at a low cost that has improved the effectiveness of many military and social applications. 

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