Human-environment studies in all their spatial complexity are gaining in popularity. Changes in the environment, connections between social and physical systems, human influence on biogeochemical processes, and societal impacts on the environment are all topics investigated by scholars interested in human-environmental relations. This study covers the most pressing issues in people’s interactions with the natural world, highlighting the breadth of the subject. The authors then provide three analytic approaches for assessing how society is affected by environmental change. Anthropogenic pressure indicators were developed using the knowledge gathered from theoretical and empirical investigations of human-environment interactions. There are three categories of anthropogenic indicators: population growth, economic growth, resource usage, and urbanization. Future study directions in human-environment studies are briefly described to wrap up the article.
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