WASTE WATER REUSE IN THE PAPER INDUSTRY AFTER TERTIARY TREATMENT

ABSTRACT

Water is a critical ingredient of our environment and the most basic need for all kinds of life on the planet. With the use of accessible water resources, human civilisation has advanced from the beginning of recorded history. The Vedic Literature shows that water supply was widely used for a number of purposes in ancient times. It has been shown by archeological digs at Mohenjo-Daro that people who live in the Indus river valley (3000 B.C.) have extensive understanding of groundwater sources production via the use of wells. Eventually, surface water supplies such as streams, lakes, and ponds are built to meet the growing need. The water cycle was well understood by the inhabitants of the Vedic era. In his work Arthashastra, he describes the application of a weather station. Aside from the inhabitants of the Indus Valley, the inhabitants of the Nile River valley were likewise well-versed in hydrology. The Brihatsamhita (505-587 A.D.), written by Varahamihira, gives a summary of rain gauge stations, wind vanes, and processes for predicting rainfall. In rural regions, the typical person consumes 50 litres of water per day, but in metropolitan areas, the average person uses 150 litres. Every year, around 12,000 m3 to 14,000 m3 of water is utilised to water every hectare, depending on the availability of water.

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