The
study of how environmental concerns have grown in human society and soon become
a respectable branch of intellectual history may shed significant light on the
culture of any society. One can argue that these concerns have two sources:
anxiety over the surroundings in which we live, a feeling in which the good
life of our own species is the principal object; or sympathy for other animal
and plant species, in which the protection of other species (at least their
preservation) becomes an end in itself. The two attitudes are products of two
different standpoints and it is possible that the requirements of the one, on
many occasions, be found in contradiction to those of the other. But underlying
both these concerns has been humanity’s interest in nature, for its own sake,
manifested especially in the scientific study of fauna and flora.
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